Trail Making Test (TMT)
Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
o 3MS; Trail Making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test
9651 elderly (65+) white community-dwelling women in Baltimore, Minneapolis, & Monongahela Valley near Pittsburgh PA; Portland Oregon. 6+ yr follow-up.
Gregg EW et al. (2000). Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women?
Matthews K et al. (1999). Estrogen replacement therapy & cognitive decline in older community women.
Yaffe K et al. (1999) Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in nondemented elderly women. Depressive symptoms, as measured by the shortened Geriatric Depression Scale, are predictive of cognitive decline.
Yaffe K et al. (1998). Serum estrogen levels, cognitive performance, and risk of cognitive decline in older community women.
Yaffe K et al. (1998). Neuropsychiatric function and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in elderly women: a prospective study
Yaffe K et al. (1997). Apolipoprotein E phenotype and cognitive decline in a prospective study of elderly community women.
o 12 standard neuropsychological tests: BIMC (2 items), Buschke-Fuld Selective Reminding Test (3 measures of retrieval), category fluency test, Visual Reproduction Test (immediate & delayed recall), MMSE, Trail-Making Test Part B.
1509 community-dwelling men & women aged 55+ who participated in the original Rancho Bernardo, California Study of 1973-75 and attended clinic visits in 1984-87 and 1988-91.
Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D (1999). Gender differences in cognitive function with age: the Rancho Bernardo Study
Barrett-Connor E et al. (1999). Endogenous sex hormones & cognitive function in older men.
Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. (1999). Cognitive function and endogenous sex hormones in women.
Edelstein SL et al. (1998). Prospective association of smoking and alcohol use with cognitive function in an elderly cohort.
Scott RD et al. (1998). The association of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and cognitive function in an older cohort.
Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
o Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT); Free and Cued Selective Reminding Tests; BIMC; "2 tests of mental status that include items assessing memory, visual construction, and attention"; semantic & phonetic word fluency tests; Trail-Making Test Parts A & B; Dementia Questionnaire.
Kawas C et al. (2000). Age-specific incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
Moffat SD, Zonderman AB et al. (2000). The relationship between longitudinal declines in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations and cognitive performance in older men.
Resnick SM et al. (1998). Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on PET cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological performance.
Resnick SM et al. (1997). Estrogen replacement therapy and longitudinal decline in visual memory. A possible protective effect?
Kawas C et al. (1994). A validation study of the Dementia Questionnaire.
o CERAD battery; Clock drawing; Trail Making Test
1366 subjects aged 65 and older followed every two years.
Chen, Ganguli et al. (1999) The temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia. In this cohort, depressive symptoms appeared to be early manifestations rather than predictors of AD.
Mendelsohn et al. (1998). Use of antioxidant supplements and its association with cognitive function in a rural elderly cohort: the MoVIES Project. Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey.
Women's Health and Aging Study (Guralnik, Fried et al. 1995)
o "A battery of cognitive tests", including "executive attention, memory, psychomotor speed, and spatial ability". MMSE, Trail-Making Test.
Carlson MC, Fried LP, Xue QL, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger SL, Brandt J (1999). Association between executive attention and physical functional performance in community-dwelling older women.
Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Penninx BW et al. (1999). New and worsening conditions and change in physical and cognitive performance during weekly evaluations over 6 months: The Womens's Health and Aging Study.
Leveille SG, Guralnik JM et al. (1998). Black/white differences in the relationship between MMSE scores and disability: the Women's Health and Aging Study.
o WAIS, WMS, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT); Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT); Trail Making Test (TMT); Boston Naming Test (BNT); Multi-Lingual Aphasia Exam Token Test; Category Fluency Test (CFT); Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MMSE; Short Test of Mental Status; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; Hachinski Ischemic Scale; Dementia Rating Scale; Global Deterioration Scale
Petersen RC et al. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome.
Aging, Brain Imaging, and Cognition (Godfrey Pearlson MH60504, #35)
Community-based sample of 334 persons aged 20-96 followed from 1999-2004
"MMSE, TICS-m, NART-R, WAIS-R, TMT (Trail Making Test?), BTA, CPT, WCST (Wisconsin Card Sort Test), CET, HVLT-R, BVMT-R, WMS-R, PMT, RDT, BNT-30 (Boston Naming Test), verbal fluency, BFRT, CFT, pegboard, comparison speed."
Kuipio, Finland Study of atherosclerotic vascular disease in the elderly (Kuusisto J et al. 1994).
o Cross-sectional population-based study of 980 Finnish elderly. Phase 1 screening battery included MMSE, Visual Reproduction Test, Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Buschke Selective Reminding test (Koivisto K et al. 1992). Phase 2: Subjects scoring 1 standard deviation below the mean in phase 1 completed a detailed neuropsychological battery of 12 tests (Grober E et al. 1988). Diagnosis of dementia based on DSM-III-R criteria. Phase 3: Subjects with possible dementia underwent further studies to confirm and classify dementia subtype.
Kuuisto J et al. (1997). Association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and Alzheimer's disease independently of apolipoprotein E4 phenotype: cross-sectional population-based study.
